{"id":8337,"date":"2021-11-08T18:21:57","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T16:21:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/?p=8337"},"modified":"2022-04-27T13:16:47","modified_gmt":"2022-04-27T11:16:47","slug":"sandwich-elisa-antibodies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/sandwich-elisa-antibodies\/","title":{"rendered":"Monoclonal versus Polyclonal antibody use in Sandwich ELISA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section id=\"gm628ac26\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-m3 section-gm628ac26 gutentor-module gutentor-container-cover\"><div class=\"grid-container\">\n<section id=\"section-b4bd5a55-a1f3-4243-b78d-7a3a3c053a68\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-image-slider gutentor-section gutentor-image-slider imageSlider-template1\"><div class=\"gutentor-grid-item-wrap\"><div class=\"gutentor-slider-wrapper\" data-dots=\"true\" data-arrows=\"true\" data-infinite=\"false\" data-nextarrow=\"fas fa-angle-right\" data-prevarrow=\"fas fa-angle-left\" data-autoplay=\"true\" data-autoplayspeed=\"7000\" data-fade=\"false\" data-speed=\"900\"><div class=\"gutentor-slider-item\"><div class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-0\"><div class=\"gutentor-single-item-wrap\"><div class=\"gutentor-single-item-image-box\"><div class=\"gutentor-bg-image\"><div class=\"overlay\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"gutentor-single-item-content\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><div class=\"slider-caption text-center\"><h3 class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Sandwich ELISA Assays<\/h3><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-desc\">Monoclonal versus Polyclonal antibody use<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"56e18e\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-m13 section-56e18e gutentor-module gutentor-module-table-of-contents\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><div class=\"g-toc\"><div class=\"g-toc-header text-align-left-desktop text-align-left-tablet text-align-left-mobile\"><div class=\"g-toc-heading\"><div class=\"g-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"g-toc-body\"><ol class=\"g-ordered-list\" type=\"none\"><li><a href=\"#section-g416f65\">What is Sandwich ELISA?<\/a><ol class=\"child-list\"><li><a href=\"#section-g9274b7\">Monoclonal Sandwich ELISA Antibodies<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#section-gc90ce1\">Polyclonal Sandwich ELISA Antibodies<\/a><ol class=\"child-list\"><li><a href=\"#section-g77152a\">Conclusion<\/a><ol class=\"child-list\"><li><a href=\"#section-ga4707e\">Practical tips when developing a test<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g416f65\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g416f65 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h2 class=\"gutentor-text\">What is Sandwich ELISA?<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gae4f1c\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gae4f1c gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Sandwich ELISA (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/enzyme-immunoassay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay<\/a> also known as EIA) is a diagnostic technique used to find antigens or antibodies in biological samples.  This technique is one of four types of microplate tests: Direct, Indirect, Sandwich, and competitive ELISA.  Sandwich ELISA  allows for the use of monoclonal versus polyclonal antibodies to capture antigens.  <br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Should we use  monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies as the primary antigen in Sandwich ELISA testing?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g8dedc4\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g8dedc4 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">A question most often asked in technical forums.  In this article, we take a look at this question, the advantages, and disadvantages of monoclonal versus polyclonal antibodies as primary or capture antigens.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g9274b7\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g9274b7 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h3 class=\"gutentor-text\">Monoclonal Sandwich ELISA Antibodies<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 24%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"414\" height=\"414\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/monoclonal-antibody-e1636447749333.png\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Sandwich ELISA antibodies - Monoclonal Antibody\" class=\"wp-image-8448 size-medium lazyload\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"414\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/monoclonal-antibody-e1636447749333.png\" alt=\"Sandwich ELISA antibodies - Monoclonal Antibody\" class=\"wp-image-8448 size-medium\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/monoclonal-antibody-e1636447749333.png 414w, https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/monoclonal-antibody-e1636447749333-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Monoclonal antibodies are single antibodies from producing B-cells, therefore it only binds with 1 unique epitome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Technically speaking, individual antibodies in a polyclonal mix are monoclonal antibodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the terminology describes a process where the actual B-cell is isolated. Once isolated, the B-cell fuses into a hybrid cell line. This way, technicians produce large volumes of identical antibodies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"section-f47e6cac-8270-403b-a068-c811889a728f\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-list gutentor-section gutentor-list-wrapper list-template1\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><div class=\"gutentor-block-header\"><div class=\"gutentor-section-title text-center\"><p class=\"gutentor-title\">Monoclonal Antibody advantages<\/p><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"grid-row gutentor-grid-item-wrap list-indicator-icon text-left\"><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-0\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\"> The use of monoclonal antibodies produces better results when it is used in assays that require protein quantification levels.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-1\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">It is possible to produce identical antibodies in large volumes with batch-to-batch similarity. <\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-2\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Monoclonal antibodies reduce cross-reactivity probability. It is highly specific to a single epitope.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"section-a9031d71-1b3c-4d82-b71d-a016e97e2dbb\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-list gutentor-section gutentor-list-wrapper list-template1\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><div class=\"gutentor-block-header\"><div class=\"gutentor-section-title text-center\"><p class=\"gutentor-title\">Monoclonal Antibody Disadvantages<\/p><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"grid-row gutentor-grid-item-wrap list-indicator-icon text-left\"><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-0\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">The slightest change in monoclonal antibodies\u2019 epitome structure might lead to target antigen detection problems.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-1\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Producing monoclonal antibodies requires laboratories with purification and cell culture capabilities.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-2\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Monoclonal antibodies are not as robust as polyclonal antibodies. Challenges to detect denatured proteins or proteins with altered conformation.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-3\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Monoclonal antibodies are more sensitive to buffer and acid levels.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-4\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">These antibodies are susceptible to binding changes when labeled.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-5\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Significantly more expensive to produce.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-6\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Requires significantly more time to produce and develop the hybridized clone.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-7\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Monoclonal antibodies are less ideal to use when a quick capture of target proteins is required.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-8\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Economics: time to produce monoclonal antibodies, the volume required, and storage conditions make it more expensive. <\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gc90ce1\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gc90ce1 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h3 class=\"gutentor-text\">Polyclonal Sandwich ELISA Antibodies<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 24%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"469\" height=\"402\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/polyclonal-antibodies-e1636447821106.png\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Sandwich ELISA Polyclonal antibody\" class=\"wp-image-8451 size-medium lazyload\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"469\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/polyclonal-antibodies-e1636447821106.png\" alt=\"Sandwich ELISA Polyclonal antibody\" class=\"wp-image-8451 size-medium\"><\/noscript><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polyclonal antibodies are manufactured from different B-cells, recognizing several antigenic determinants (epitope) on the same antigen. The epitope is unique to the antigen. Each antibody recognizes this unique epitope located on the specific antigen.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"section-bf902b79-1798-4b4e-a95c-743b33ed887e\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-list gutentor-section gutentor-list-wrapper list-template1\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><div class=\"gutentor-block-header\"><div class=\"gutentor-section-title text-center\"><p class=\"gutentor-title\">Polyclonal Antibody advantages<\/p><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"grid-row gutentor-grid-item-wrap list-indicator-icon text-left\"><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-0\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Inexpensive to produce.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-1\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Quick to produce. Purified antibody ready to use in under four months.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-2\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Easy to store.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-3\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Highly stable and tolerant of pH or buffer changes.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-4\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Higher overall antibody affinity against the antigen due to recognition of multiple antigenic determinants.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-5\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">In general, the ability to detect multiple epitopes gives more robust detection.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-6\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Offers greater sensitivity for detecting proteins that are present in low quantities in a sample, since multiple antibodies will bind to multiple epitopes on the protein.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-7\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Ideal to use as the capture antibody in sandwich ELISA. Greater ability to quickly capture the target protein.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-8\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Superior antibody affinity generally results in quicker binding to the target antigen. Ideal in assays requiring quick capture of the protein, such as IP or ChIP.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-9\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Significantly more robust when assaying proteins that show slight variations in individual epitopes such as denaturation, polymorphism, or conformational changes.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-10\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Superior for use in detecting a native protein in multiple assay types.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-11\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Much easier to couple with antibody labels. Less likely to affect binding capability.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"section-47c75a40-771f-4287-b1e9-de01b610269a\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-list gutentor-section gutentor-list-wrapper list-template1\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><div class=\"gutentor-block-header\"><div class=\"gutentor-section-title text-center\"><p class=\"gutentor-title\">Polyclonal Antibody disadvantages<\/p><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"grid-row gutentor-grid-item-wrap list-indicator-icon text-left\"><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-0\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Variability between different batches produced in different animals at different times<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-1\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Higher potential for cross-reactivity due to recognizing multiple epitopes.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-2\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Affinity purification of the serum will typically be required to minimize cross-reactivity.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g77152a\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g77152a gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h4 class=\"gutentor-text\">Conclusion<\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gf5cfa9\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gf5cfa9 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Should I use Monoclonal or Polyclonal antibodies as binding antibodies?<\/strong><br><br>Firstly, decide on the type of test that you have to develop. Secondly, it will determine the type of antibodies you will need. Thirdly, ensure that the antibodies work for the specific test that you develop.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-ga4707e\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-ga4707e gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h5 class=\"gutentor-text\">Practical tips when developing a test<\/h5><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"section-d04d70eb-b0cf-4bb4-8c3f-98d03b68b1c3\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-list gutentor-section gutentor-list-wrapper list-template1\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><ul class=\"grid-row gutentor-grid-item-wrap list-indicator-icon text-left\"><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-0\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Traditional sandwich ELISA tests use polyclonal antibodies is as capture antibody as it pulls down the antigen (preferred method).  Use Monoclonal antibodies for specificity testing.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-1\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">Ensure that the capture antibody does not change the antigen\u2019s immunogenic properties. It will affect antibody binding to other epitopes.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"gutentor-list-item grid-12 grid-12 grid-12\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-2\"><span class=\"gutentor-list-item-wrap\"><span class=\"gutentor-single-list-item-icon\"><i class=\"list-item-icon fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"gutentor-list-item\"><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">The same antibody and antigen (capture and detection) are used for testing. Self-sandwich ELISA testing works only for large molecules where the epitopes are far apart.<\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"section-f08aed2e-0a26-4968-927f-7cbae45da498\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-advanced-columns gutentor-section gutentor-advanced-columns has-color-bg has-custom-bg\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div id=\"section-1139edf3-744b-4067-ab26-218b019c9562\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-single-column gutentor-single-column  grid-lg-4 grid-md-12 grid-12\">\n<div id=\"section-ga58026\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e6 section-ga58026 gutentor-element gutentor-element-image text-align-center-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-center-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-element-image-box\"><div class=\"gutentor-image-thumb\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/Profile-pic-trans-e1634650146676-150x150.jpg\" class=\"normal-image lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Creative content writer\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"normal-image\" src=\"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/portfolio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/Profile-pic-trans-e1634650146676-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Creative content writer\"><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-051d8467-f268-4d2c-964b-f0c3e42e9816\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-single-column gutentor-single-column  grid-lg-8 grid-md-12 grid-12\">\n<section id=\"section-401e2b66-158f-4d94-9bcb-dd7c0b1c09f6\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-content-box gutentor-section gutentor-content-box-wrapper content-template1 text-left\"><div class=\"grid-container gutentor-rm-ct-space\"><div class=\"grid-row gutentor-grid-item-wrap\"><div class=\"gutentor-grid-column grid-lg-12 grid-md-12 grid-12\"><div class=\"gutentor-single-item gutentor-single-item-0\"><div class=\"gutentor-single-item-wrap\"><div class=\"gutentor-single-item-content\"><h3 class=\"gutentor-single-item-title\">About Marinda Stuiver<\/h3><p class=\"gutentor-single-item-desc\">Dip, NHDip Microbiology (Vet) TUT (1989)<br><br><strong>Marinda Stuiver is a qualified Veterinary Microbiologist with more than 12 years of laboratory experience.<\/strong>  <br><br>Her experience includes histology, Electron Microscopy, and ELISA testing.  Following the sale of the laboratory where she worked, she ventured into the commercial side of the business. <br><br>Marinda sold IDEXX ELISA test kits to various laboratories in Southern Africa (Zimbabwe, Botswana, Malawi) and trained laboratory staff to set up and conduct testing.<\/p><a class=\"gutentor-button gutentor-single-item-button gutentor-icon-before\" href=\"https:\/\/e-spectations.com\/#experience\"><i class=\"gutentor-button-icon fas fa-street-view\"><\/i><span>View full career history<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Monoclonal versus Polyclonal antibody use in Sandwich ELISA &#8211; the pros and cons<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[52,53,51],"class_list":["post-8337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science-writing","tag-elisa-testing","tag-sandwich-elisa","tag-science-writing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - 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